Golf Cart Lithium Battery: 36V vs 48V vs 72V – Noken kisim ol hevi

Mi bin lukautim wok bilong baim ol bateri long Polinovel inap long 4-pela yia nau. Planti samting mi save long 'voltage selection' i kam long wok bilong klinim ol rong bilong ol narapela manmeri. I no tiori, i no ol 'spec sheet'. Ol wok we i no kamap gut na i pundaun long tebol bilong mi bikos wanpela i mas painimaut wanem samting i rong na sapos mipela inap long kisim bek wanpela samting.

 

Olsem na taim ol 'fleet manager' i askim mi long wanem 'voltage' mi mas kisim, mi no save givim ol wanpela gutpela skelim bilong olgeta tripela opsen. Mi tokim ol long go 48V sapos ol i no gat wanpela as tru long noken mekim. Dispela em i no wanpela toktok bilong salim samting. Em samting mi bai tokim brata bilong mi-in-lo sapos em i ring na askim wankain askim.

12V Series Koneksen Disasta

Pastaim long mi go insait long 'voltage selection', mi mas toktok long wanpela samting we i save kamap oltaim long ol RFQ. Ol baia i lukim 4-pela 12V 100Ah litiam bateri long Amazon long $2,400 olgeta na ol i ting ol i painim wanpela dil long 48V sistem. Waiaim ol long wanpela lain, pinis, a?

Rong. Wanwan bilong ol dispela 12V bateri i gat BMS bilong em yet. Fopela bateri i min olsem foapela seperet menesmen sistem we i no save toktok wantaim. Taim namba wan bateri i kisim ful 'charge', BMS bilong en i save katim. Karent i stop long ron long olgeta string. Ol narapela tripela bateri i stap na ol i no sasim liklik.

Mekim dispela inap sampela mun na bai yu kisim 4-pela bateri wantaim ol narapela narapela sel voltej. Ol tenk we i gat planti pawa. Range i go daun long ating 60% bilong wanem samting em i bin stat long en. Orait wanpela bilong ol BMS yunit i ting olsem wanpela sel i stap daunbilo tumas na i pasim olgeta samting namel long -fairway.

Mi bin lukim wanpela ples malolo long Arizona i go tru long dispela samting. Foti kat, $2,400 wanwan long bateri, na wok bilong putim. Long mun namba 8 ol i senisim olgeta kar wantaim ol gutpela singel-pek 48V yunit. Ol "sevings" i kostim ol samting olsem $45,000 taim yu bungim ol 'hardware' we ol i westim, tupela taim bilong putim, na taim bilong malolo.

Wanpela man i save yusim forum long Cartaholics i tok gutpela moa long mi:

Bilong wanem 48V na i no ol narapela

Golf kat indastri i makim 48V olsem standet long ol as we i no gat wok long maketing. Club Car, E-Z-GO, Yamaha, olgeta i bin muv i go long 48V bikos wok bilong ensinia i stret.

Long 48V yu wok long ranim liklik pawa long wankain pawa autput taim yu skelim wantaim 36V. Sapos karent i go daun, dispela i min olsem i no gat planti hat insait long ol kebol na konekta bilong yu, i no gat planti hevi long ol 'contactor', na ol 'motor brush' bai i stap longpela taim. Wanpela 1,500 watt lod i save pulim samting olsem 31 amps long 48V na 42 amps long 36V. Dispela senis i kamap bikpela moa long planti tausen aua bilong wok.

Tasol ating bikpela samting moa long ol manmeri i baim ol kar: ol 48V hap i stap long olgeta hap. Kontrola i dai long Trinde, yu ken kisim narapela long Fonde long tripela narapela narapela saplaia. Traim dispela wantaim 72V sistem na yu wok long lukluk long ol spesel distributa wantaim wik-long lid taim. Mi bin lukim ol operesen i rentim ol ges kat long $150/de na wetim ol 72V komponen i kamap.

16S LiFePO4 konfiguresen (em 16 sel long seris, nominal 51.2V) i givim yu gutpela hap bilong pawa, stap, na sefti. Nogat wanpela samting i narakain long lukautim em. Ating ol teknisen bilong yu i save pinis long dispela pletfom.

Taim 36V i gat as bilong en

Mi no tok 36V i no gat wok. Long stretpela aplikesen em i stretpela mak na i no gat bikpela pe.

Ol flet propeti aninit long 150 ekar. Ol kat i ron 4-pela aua long wanpela de. Wanpela o tupela pasindia, nogat hevi kago. Ol 'community shuttle' we i no gat wanpela man i hariap. Ol praivet estet we papa bilong en i save kisim i go aut long wiken.

Long ol dispela kain kondisen, wanpela 36V 100Ah sistem (inap olsem 3.6 kWh) i save givim 30 i go inap 40 mail bilong ron long gutpela graun. Moa long inap. Na yu sevim $500 i go long $800 long wan wan kat taim yu skelim wantaim ol wankain 48V setup.

Hevi em taim ol baia i makim 36V long ol aplikesen we i nidim 48V. Putim 4-pela pasindia na ol golf beg antap long wanpela 36V kat, makim long 12% gret, na lukluk long wanem samting i kamap. Motor kontrola i laikim ol 'current spikes' we inap long winim 200 amps. Sapos BMS bilong yu i gat mak bilong 150A i go het, em i ken pasim long lukautim em yet (i pasim ol pasindia bilong yu namel long maunten) o em i larim 'overcurrent' na kukim em yet isi isi long ol mun bihain.

Mi kisim wanpela kol las yia long wanpela menesa bilong ol haus long wanpela maunten komyuniti long Not Carolina. Ol i bin baim 36V bikos wanpela man i tokim ol olsem em bai "wok gut long yusim long haus." Sikspela mun bihain, hap bilong ol sip bilong ol i gat BMS i bagarap. Ol kat i ron gut long ol ples we i no gat planti hap tasol olgeta taim wanpela i traim long kisim sotkat i go antap long baksait maunten, wanpela samting i bruk.

I no gat rot bilong stretim dispela, tasol senisim ol 'pack' wantaim 48V. Ol i mekim dispela, long bikpela pe na sem.

Askim bilong 72V

Sampela taim ol 'fleet manager' i save askim long 72V olsem em i nambawan opsen we i soim olsem ol i tok tru. Moa volt, moa pawa, i mas gutpela moa.

Long planti golf kat aplikesen, 72V em i planti tumas we i save kamapim hevi.

Yes, yu kisim moa spit. Yes, klaimbing long maunten em i no hatwok. Tasol yu baim tu 40 i go inap 60 pesen moa long ful sistem taim yu tingim ol gutpela kontrola, saja, na DC-DC konveta bilong ol 12V asesori bilong yu. Painim ol hap bilong en i go liklik tru. Na i dipen long wanem hap yu wok long en, ol 72V sistem i ken nidim sampela moa sefti protokol na trening bilong opereta we 48V i no save kirapim.

72V i gutpela long ol spesifik aplikesen. Ol bikpela hap graun we i winim 500 ekar we ol wokman i mas karamapim graun hariap. Ol yutiliti kar i save karim 800+ paun bilong ol ikwipmen i go long ol ples maunten long ful sif. Ol i apim ol 'performance cart' we papa bilong en i laikim tru 'maximum acceleration'.

Sapos ol kat bilong yu i save karim ol golfa i go long ol ples we i no gat planti 'fairway' long nomol spit, 48V i winim pinis ol samting yu laikim. Sapos yu go long 72V dispela bai baim yu inap long stap nating na tu dispela bai mekim wok mentenens bilong yu i go antap na pe bilong ol hap bilong en i go antap.

Mi no tokim yu olsem 72V em i nogut. Mi tokim yu long konfemim olsem operesen bilong yu i nidim tru pastaim long yu kisim premium.

Kapasiti: Ol samting we i no gat wanpela man i save tingim inap

Voltage i kisim olgeta luksave. Planti taim ol i save tingim wok bilong makim 'capacity' olsem wanpela samting bihain: makim wanpela samting namel long 'range' na go het.

Em i wanpela rong, bikos kapasiti i save senisim hamas taim ol paket bilong yu i stap.

Ol LiFePO4 sel i gat mak bilong 'cycle life' long wanpela spesifik dip bilong 'discharge'. Wanpela pek we i gat mak bilong 3,000 saikel long 80% DoD bai givim 5,000+ saikel sapos yu rausim tasol long 50% oltaim. Matematik em i isi: sapos yu ron long baisikol we i no dip tumas dispela i min olsem yu bai stap longpela taim.

Orait dispela i min wanem long 'fleet spec'? Sapos ol kat bilong yu i save ron 35 mail long olgeta de:

Wanpela 48V 60Ah pek (2.88 kWh) i save karamapim dispela mak tasol i save ron long 85 i go inap 90 pesen dip bilong discharge long olgeta wan wan de. Yu wok long kukim laip bilong yu hariap tru.

Wanpela 48V 105Ah pek (5.04 kWh) i save mekim wankain wok long olgeta de long 55 i go inap 60 pesen DoD. Yu ken daunim ol yia bilong yu pastaim long 'capacity fade' i kamap wanpela hevi.

105Ah pek i kost moa long pastaim. Tasol sapos em i stap inap 8-pela yia na i no 5-pela yia, kos bilong yu long wan wan yia bai go daun. Dispela em i besik 'fleet math' we ol 'procurement tim' i save lusim bikos ol i save skelim long pe bilong baim samting, na i no long pe bilong laipsaiklon.

Tasol i gat wanpela 'counterweight'. Bikpela kapasiti i min olsem hevipela paket. Wanpela 48V 150Ah sistem i hevi olsem 60 paun moa long wanpela 60Ah sistem. Long ol ples we i gat planti maunten, dispela hevi i save mekim yu yusim planti pawa long wan wan mail, na dispela i save bagarapim liklik strong bilong yu.

Long ol flet propeti: skruim kapasiti strong, bai yu kisim ful benefit.

Long ol ples we i gat ol liklik maunten: painim balens we ol 'added capacity gains' i winim ol 'efficiency losses' long 'weight penalty'. Planti taim em i save stap namel long 100 i go inap 120Ah long ol 48V sistem.

Hevi bilong Saja

Mi bai sotim dispela bikos em i stretpela, tasol em i save mekim ol manmeri i pundaun oltaim.

Ol 'lead-acid charger i no inap long sasim ol 'lithium' bateri gut. Maski sapos voltej i "wankain."

Ol 'charging profiles' i narakain tru. Ol 'lead-acid charger i save subim ol 'finishing voltages' antap long 60V bilong ol 48V sistem, we i save givim hevi long ol 'lithium cells' na i save mekim ol i bagarap hariap. Gutpela LiFePO4 sasing bilong 48V pek i save pinis namel long 55.2V na 56.8V. Sapos yu pusim 58.4V oltaim dispela bai sotim laip bilong yu insait long wanpela o tupela yia.

Olgeta baset bilong senisim 'lithium' i mas i gat ol 'lithium charger'. Dispela em i no inap long toktok long en. Taim ol vendor i tokim yu olsem 'lithium pack' bilong ol i "wok wantaim 'charger' bilong yu," askim ol long raitim dispela wantaim wanpela 'warranty' we i karamapim ol bagarap we i kamap long ol 'charging profiles' we i no stret. Lukim hamas spit ol i save go bek.

Ol 'adjustable voltage charger' i givim yu sans long makim stret 'cutoff'. Sasim i go long 55.2V long kisim longpela laip sapos yu no nidim ful ranj long olgeta de. Go antap long 56.8V taim yu nidim sampela moa pesen bilong kapasiti.

BMS Spesifikasen we i bikpela samting tru

Taim ol i skelim ol saplaia bilong ol bateri, planti baia i save lukluk long kapasiti, voltej, na prais. Ol BMS 'specs' i save stap long ol 'datasheet', tasol ol i save makim sapos ol 'cart' bilong yu i wok gut aninit long lod.

Discharge current i go het: Dispela em samting we BMS i larim i stap. Ol standet kat we i no senis i nidim 150A minimam. Ol kat we i gat bikpela taia, o ol yutiliti kar, i nidim 200A o moa. Sapos BMS bilong yu i kisim mak daunbilo long wanem samting aplikesen bilong yu i laikim, em bai katim aut aninit long lod. Planti taim long taim nogut tru.

Peak discharge current: Sotpela -taim i go antap long taim bilong 'acceleration' na 'hill stat'. Ol standet kat i save pulim 250A+ pik. Ol kar we ol i senisim i ken go antap long 400A o moa. BMS i nidim 'headroom' antap long 'peak demand' bilong yu, o em i save pasim 'protective shutdown'.

Proteksen long liklik hat: Ol sel bilong LiFePO4 i save bagarap olgeta sapos yu sasim ol aninit long mak bilong ais. Lithium plating i save kamap long 'anode' na i no save pinis. Kwaliti BMS i gat 'temperature sensing' we i save pasim 'charging' aninit long 32 digri F. Sampela taim ol 'budget packs' i save lusim dispela. Sapos yu wok long ol ples we i kol, sekim sapos dispela proteksen i stap pastaim long taim bilong kol i bagarapim invesmen bilong yu.

Rot bilong skelim ol sel: Passive balansing i save rausim planti 'charge' long ol bikpela sel olsem hat. Em i wok tasol i save westim pawa na i save balens tasol taim em i sasim. Active balancing i save senisim 'charge' namel long ol sel, i wok long taim bilong 'discharge' tu, na i save holim gutpela 'balance' long laip bilong 'pack'. Long ol fleet aplikesen we i gat bikpela yutilisesen, 'active balancing' i save skruim laip bilong ol 'pack'.

Kisim stretpela pepa bilong BMS long saplaia bilong yu, na i no pepa bilong bateri tasol. Sapos ol i no inap o no laik givim, dispela i tokim yu long wanem samting ol i haitim.

Ol trupela namba long pe bilong litiam na lid-asid

Difrens bilong prais namel long 'lithium' na 'lead-acid' em i tru. Wanpela 48V lid-asid setup i save ran long $800 i go long $1,500. Lithium i wankain olsem $2,000 i go inap $3,500. Ol tim bilong kisim ol samting we i lukluk long prais bilong baim samting i lukim 'delta' na kisim 'lead-acid.

Tasol pe bilong baim samting em i no samting yu baim long laipsaikel bilong ikwipmen.

Ol 'lead-asid bateri insait long ol komesel golf kat aplikesen i save stap inap 3 i go inap 5-pela yia bihainim hamas strong ol i yusim. Sampela fleet i save senis long 3-pela yia bikos pefomens i go daun tru. Dispela i min olsem yu mas baim 2-pela o 3-pela bateri insait long 10-pela yia.

Ol 'lithium packs' wantaim gutpela DoD menesmen i save stap moa long 10-pela yia. Wanpela baim.

Lead-asid i nidim mentenens long olgeta wik. Givim wara, klinim 'terminal', pe bilong mekim wok i wankain. Piksa 15 i go inap 20 minit long wan wan kat long wan wan wik sapos yu mekim gut. Insait long 50 wik em i 12 i go inap 17 aua long wan wan kat long wan wan yia long taim bilong karim pikinini. Long $15/aua we i pulap, yu wok long tromoi $180 i go long $250 long wanwan yia long wan wan kat long lukautim bateri tasol.

Lithium i no nidim wanpela bilong ol dispela samting. Nogat wok mentenens.

Putim 'energy efficiency difference'. Ol 'lithium packs' i gat liklik 'internal resistance' na i no save westim pawa long 'charging inefficiency' olsem 'lead-acid' i save mekim. I dipen long pe bilong pawa na yusim bilong yu, 'lithium' i save sevim $30 i go inap $60 long wan wan kat long pawa kos long wanwan yia.

Putim wantaim long lukluk long 10-pela yia:

Lead-asid long wan wan kat:

• Namba wan pek: $1,200
• Senisim long yia 4: $1,200
• Senisim long yia 7: $1,200
• Wok bilong lukautim (10-pela yia): $2,000
• Senisim saja: $300
• Olgeta: klostu $5,900

Litiam long wan wan kat:

• Namba wan pek: $2,800
• Litiam saja: $400
• Mentenens: $0
• Sevim pawa: -$400
• Olgeta: klostu $2,800

Lithium opsen i kost liklik long hap bilong taim bilong onasip. Na dispela i no tingim ol benefit bilong wok: nogat ol 'mid-feils long 'depleted lead-acid', nogat ol wok mentenens long Sarere, nogat ol sediul bilong givim wara long bihainim.

Beach Bums Golf Car Rentals long Florida i bin raitim ekspiriens bilong ol long senisim 65 rental kat i go long litiam long 2021. Ol i bin senisim ol 'lead-acid packs long olgeta 1 o 2 yia bikos yusim bilong rentim i save mekim ol bateri i wok strong. Ol wok mentenens bilong ol long Sarere, we i save kisim wanpela ful de bilong ol wokmanmeri long olgeta wik, i pinis olgeta. Ol komplen bilong ol kastoma long ol kat i dai namel long -rental i go long zero. Bisnis i opim nupela mani long rot bilong givim olgeta-de rent we 'lead-acid range i no inap long sapotim (golfcaradvisor.com).

Fleet Conversion ROI

Long wanpela 20-kat fleet we i skelim 'lithium conversion' long 'lead-acid', dispela em i hau wok bilong matematiks:

Wanpela-taim invesmen:
Lithium packs (20 × $2,800): $56,000
Ol 'lithium charger' (10 yunit × $400): $4,000
Wok bilong putim (20 × $200): $4,000
Less: salvage value of lead-acid equipment: -$3,000
Net invesmen: klostu long $61,000

Sevings bilong operesen long wanwan yia:
Wok bilong lukautim ol samting i pinis: $4,000
Ol i no bin putim mani bilong senisim ol samting (bai ol i bin tromoi ~$8,000/yia long ol wok bilong senisim ol samting): $8,000
Daunim kos bilong pawa: $800
Olgeta sevings long wanwan yia: klostu long $12,800

Pebek: aninit long 5-pela yia

Bihain long pebek, ol sip i save kisim ol dispela sevings inap long taim ol i mas senisim ol 'lithium pack', we bai i no inap kamap insait long 10-pela yia sapos ol i menesim gut DoD.

Dispela kalkulesen i save senis bihainim kos bilong wokmanmeri bilong yu, reit bilong pawa, na hamas hat yu save ron long ol kar bilong yu. Ol bikpela wok bisnis i save kisim bek hariap. Ol praivet sip we i no save yusim tumas i save kisim longpela taim. Tasol long planti ol komesel aplikesen, 'lithium conversion' i save pinis long sait bilong mani pastaim long yu kaunim ol 'operational impruvments'.

Wanem samting yu mas sekim pastaim long yu sainim

Mi bin kisim bagarap planti taim na mi no inap long gat wanpela 'checklist'. Em i no hatwok, tasol em i karamapim ol samting we i save kamapim hevi.

Namba wan: konfemim olsem dispela pek em i wanpela integreted yunit tru wantaim yunifaid BMS, i no planti liklik bateri i stap wantaim. Askim stret. Sapos bekim i no klia, orait yu mas lusim.

Namba tu: raitim ol spesifikasen bilong BMS. Ol mak bilong 'continuous' na 'peak discharge'. Ol mak bilong lukautim tempereja. Kain bilong skelim ol sel. Sapos saplaia i no inap long givim dispela pepa, kwaliti kontrol bilong ol i no gutpela.

Namba tri: sekim ol setifikesen. UL 2271 bilong ol lait lektrik kar. UN 38.3 bilong sefti bilong trenspot. Askim long ol setifiket tru, i no ol kleim tasol. UL i save lukautim wanpela pablik databes we yu ken sekim.

Namba foa: kliagut long ol tok bilong waranti. Olsem wanem ol i save skelim 'capacity degradation'? Wanem samting i makim 'warranty-we i no inap long putim? Kisim ol stretpela bekim pastaim long yu painim ol 'exclusion' bihain long wanpela feil.

Namba faiv: long ol oda we i winim 10-pela yunit, pusim wanpela pailot program. Tupela o tripela kat i ranim ol rot bilong yu yet inap 60 i go inap 90 de pastaim long yu pinisim wok bilong yu. Olgeta saplaia we i gat strongpela tingting long prodak bilong ol bai orait long dispela. Ol lain husat i strong long mekim bikpela wok pastaim ol i ken i gat as long abrusim skelim.

Disisen bilong voltej em i bikpela samting. Disisen bilong kapasiti em i bikpela samting. Tasol tupela i no bikpela samting sapos yu baim long wanpela saplaia husat i no inap long sapotim ol spesifikesen bilong em. Kwaliti senis insait long dispela indastri i bikpela tru. Ol homwok yu mekim pastaim long yu baim samting i makim sapos senis bilong yu i kamap gut o i kamap olsem wanpela leson we i gat bikpela pe.

Mi wok long Polinovel, olsem na kisim tingting bilong mi wantaim stretpela konteks. Tasol mi laik lusim wanpela salim sapos mi tok stret wantaim yu, winim wanpela we i kamap olsem wanpela tok pait long 'warranty' 6-pela mun bihain. Ol teknikel poin hia i stret maski yu baim ol bateri bilong husat.

Ol prodak we i wankain

 

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