Wanem samting em USB Pawa Diliveri?

USB Power Delivery (USB PD) em i wanpela 'charging protocol' we i save senisim pawa namel long ol divais long rot bilong USB koneksen, na i save givim 5 wat i go inap long 240 wat. I no olsem ol standet USB pot we i gat mak bilong 5 volt, USB PD i save stretim voltej namel long 5V na 48V, na dispela i mekim olgeta samting stat long ol smatfon i go inap long ol hai-pawa laptop i ken sasim long wanpela kain kebol tasol.

Bikpela samting bihain long USB PD i save kamap long tupela kain hap we planti yusa i no save lukim.

Taim yu putim wanpela divais i go insait long wanpela USB PD saja, ol pin bilong Konfigurasen Senel (CC) long USB-C konekta i save kirapim toktok hariap. Insait long sampela milisekon, 'charger' i save tokaut long wanem ol 'voltage' na 'current' em inap long givim, na divais bilong yu i save bekim wantaim wanem samting em i nidim. Dispela hansek i yusim 'Pawer Delivery Objects' (PDOs) protokol-em i wanpela menu bilong ol pawa opsen stat long besik 5V i go inap long mak bilong saja.

Taim ol i wanbel long wanpela pawa kontrak, pawa tru i save ron long ol VBUS pin. Divais bilong yu i save sekim wok bilong sasim oltaim, na dispela em i hap we ol samting i kamap gutpela: sapos bateri bilong fon bilong yu i hat o i go inap long sampela mak taim yu sasim lithium ion bateri, em inap long toktok gen long namel bilong sesen, na askim long liklik pawa long lukautim ol sel. Saja i save bekim insait long sampela sekon tasol, na stretim autput bilong en. Dispela go bek-na-i go het yet long olgeta taim bilong sasim.

Voltej steping i wok long ol 'fixed increment' bilong standet PD: 5V bilong ol besik divais, 9V bilong planti fon, 15V bilong sampela tablet, na 20V bilong ol laptop. Tasol ol nupela protokol olsem PPS na AVS-we bai yumi lukluk long en bihain-i rausim dispela strongpela straksa bilong mekim wanpela samting we i isi long senisim.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD i no kamap long wanpela nait. Namba wan spesifikasen long 2012 i makim pawa long 60 watts, we i luk olsem em i bikpela samting long dispela taim. Long 2014, USB PD 2.0 i bin daunim dispela i go long 100 watts, na dispela i mekim em i kamap gutpela long sasim laptop. Dispela vesen i kamapim ol 'fixed voltage profiles' (5V, 9V, 15V, 20V) we planti masin i save yusim yet tude.

Long 2017 rilis bilong USB PD 3.0 i bringim Programmable Power Supply, we i larim ol divais long askim long wanem kain voltej namel long 3.3V na 21V long ol liklik 20mV inkremen. Orait long 2021, USB PD 3.1 i putim Ekstended Pawa Reinj, na i subim siling i go long 240 watts long rot bilong ol nupela 28V, 36V, na 48V opsen. 16-inch MacBook Pro bilong Apple i kamap wanpela bilong ol namba wan divais long yusim dispela wantaim 140W sasing rikwaemen bilong en.

I no long taim i go pinis, USB PD 3.2 i kamap long mun Oktoba 2024 wantaim wanpela toksave: olgeta divais we i laikim moa long 27 watts i mas nau sapotim Adjustable Voltage Supply (AVS) bilong Standet Pawa Reinj. iPhone 17 series i kamap namba wan bikpela smatfon long kamapim dispela, na i mekim ol i ken sasim 40W. Long ol data bilong USB-IF setifikesen rekot, moa long 15,000 divais i kisim PD 3.2 setifikesen namel long Oktoba 2024 na stat bilong 2025.

Long sasim bateri bilong 'lithium ion' yu mas gat stretpela 'voltage' na 'current control' long mekim spit na longpela laip bilong en i go antap. Wanpela kain 'lithium cell' i save wok namel long 3.0V taim em i pinis na 4.2V taim em i pulap, tasol planti masin i save yusim planti sel long seris-laptop bilong yu i ken gat 3S4P konfiguresen (tripela sel long seris, foapela long paralel) we i nidim 12.6V taim em i ful sasim.

Dispela em i hap we fleksibiliti bilong USB PD i kamap bikpela samting. Sapos i no gat 'dynamic voltage adjustment', wanpela 'charger' bai mas senisim 20V i go daun long wanem kain 'voltage' bateri menesmen sistem bilong yu i nidim, na dispela bai westim pawa olsem hat. Wantaim PPS o AVS, 'charger' inap long givim samting we i klostu long 'target voltage'-tok, 11V na i no 20V bilong dispela laptop bateri-na dispela i daunim ol lus bilong 'conversion' long 15% i go daun long 3-5%.

Dispela 'constant-current/constant-voltage (CC/CV) charging algorithm we ol 'lithium cells' i nidim i stret tru long ol samting PPS inap long mekim. Long taim bilong namba wan 'fast-charge phase, PPS i save holim wankain 'current' taim 'voltage' i go antap. Taim sel i go klostu long 4.2V, protokol i senis i go long voltej we i no senis taim karent i go daun. Sampela smatfon nau i save abrusim olgeta 'internal voltage regulators' bilong ol, na dispela i larim PD saja i givim kaikai long bateri stret-Super Fast Charging teknoloji bilong Samsung i save winim 99% efisiensi taim ol i yusim dispela rot.

Menesmen bilong tempereja long taim bilong sasim lithium ion bateri i kisim helpim tu long ol wok bilong USB PD long toktok wantaim ol narapela. Sapos wanpela bateri menesmen sistem i painim ol sel i kamap long 45 digri, em i ken askim long daunim pawa hariap, na stopim ol 'thermal runaway' senario we i save bagarapim olpela 'fast-charging system.

Tupela Programmable Power Supply na Adjustable Voltage Supply i laik helpim wok bilong sasim gut, tasol tupela i wok narapela narapela na i gat narapela narapela wok.

PPS i wok long taim tru. Em i save stretim voltej long 20mV step na karent long 50mA inkremen, na bihainim voltej bilong bateri bilong yu taim em i go antap long emti i go long ful. Wanpela PPS saja i save toktok oltaim wantaim divais bilong yu, na i save apdetim pawa deliveri planti handet taim long wanpela sasing sesen. Dispela i mekim em i gutpela long ol bateri bilong smatfon, we i save kisim gutpela 'voltage matching' long olgeta taim bilong 'charge curve'. PPS i save kamap long 100W na i save wok namel long 5V na 21V.

AVS i bihainim narapela rot. Em i save stretim voltej long ol bikpela 100mV step na i save lukluk long wanpela-taim o wan wan taim toktok na i no long bihainim oltaim. Tingim olsem yu putim gutpela 'fixed voltage' na i no wok long senisim oltaim. AVS i save sapotim bikpela pawa-inap long 240W-na i ken wok namel long 9V na 48V. Tred-off? No gat planti liklik kontrol.

Long ol wok, PPS i gutpela yet long sasim ol smatfon bikos em i stret na i save senis long taim tru. AVS i gutpela long ol laptop na monita we i nidim bikpela pawa tasol i no nidim seken-long-seken senis. Long 2025, klostu 65% bilong ol Android flegsip fon i sapotim PPS, na AVS adopsen long ol konsuma divais i stap aninit long 5% bihainim ol tes data bilong ChargerLAB.

Dispela paul i go bikpela bikos PPS em i opsenel taim AVS i kamap olsem wanpela samting we ol i mas mekim long PD 3.2 long ol divais we i askim long winim 27W. Saja bilong yu i ken sapotim tupela wantaim, wanpela, o nogat-na planti taim i no gat klia mak bilong tokim yu long wanem.

USB PD i yusim ol Power Delivery Objects long toksave long ol samting, tasol pawa tru we i kamap i dipen long toktok namel long tupela sait.

Wanpela 100W saja i ken tokaut long 6-pela 'fixed PDO':

5V @ 3A (15W)

9V @ 3A (27W)

15V @ 3A (45W)

20V @ 3A (60W)

20V @ 5A (100W)

Na tu, ating wanpela PPS APDO we i gat 5V-21V @ 5A.

Divais bilong yu i lukluk long dispela menu na makim wanem samting em i nidim. Wanpela fon we i kisim 27W bai askim long 9V @ 3A. Wanpela 60W laptop bai askim long 20V @ 3A. Sapos tupela divais i sasim wantaim long wanpela 'multi-port charger, pawa i save bruk-planti taim long rot bilong senis, na ol divais i konektim i save toktok gen taim yu putim o rausim ol narapela.

Dispela em i hap we ol samting i ken bagarapim bel bilong ol yusa. Yu putim 100W laptop bilong yu long wanpela 100W saja na yu tingting planti long wanem as em i sasim isi isi. Ansa em olsem laptop bilong yu i nidim ol spesifik voltej kombinesen we i no stap long PDO lista bilong dispela saja, o kebol i no sapotim 5A, na yu inap long 60W maksimum. Laptop i save go bek long wanem kain profail i wok, planti taim 45W o 60W tasol.

Ol kebol we i gat mak bilong E- i stretim dispela hevi. Ol dispela kebol i gat wanpela 'chip' (e-mak) we i soim ol samting ol i ken mekim long taim bilong namba wan hansek. Saja bai no inap givim moa long 60W sapos yu no konfemim olsem kebol inap long karim 5A. Dispela sefti samting i stopim hat tumas, tasol dispela i min olsem $5 jenerik USB-C kebol bilong yu i ken stap olsem botol nek, i no saja bilong yu.

USB Power Delivery

Wanpela gutpela samting bilong USB PD em i larim ol divais i senisim husat i givim pawa na i no ken katim.

Tingim wanpela 'docking station' we i givim pawa long laptop bilong yu taim yu wok. Dispela 'dock' em i "as" na laptop bilong yu em i "sink." Sapos wanpela man i pundaun long pawa rop bilong 'dock', olpela USB bai katim pawa hariap tru-na dispela inap long bagarapim data bilong ol 'connected drive'. Fast Role Swap (FRS) i save painimaut sapos pawa i lus na insait long 150 maikrosekon, i save tanim ol rol. Laptop bilong yu i kamap as bilong en, nau em i givim pawa long 'dock' na ol samting bilong en long bateri bilong en yet.

Dispela tupela sait inap i go moa long ol imejensi senario. Yu ken sasim fon bilong yu long bateri bilong laptop bilong yu, maski laptop yet i sasim long wanpela 'wall adapta'. Ol pawa benk i ken kisim na givim pawa long wankain USB-C pot. Sampela e-baiskel bateri nau i yusim USB PD long sasim na tu givim pawa long fon na lait bilong yu.

FRS hansek i save kamap long ol CC pin. Taim wanpela sos i lusim pawa, em i save pulim CC lain i go long graun inap 60-120 maikrosekon-em i wanpela signal we ol i wokim long laik bilong ol yet, i no wanpela aksiden. Sink, we i save lukluk oltaim, i save kisim dispela signal na kwiktaim em i tok em i laik kamap nupela sos. Olgeta senis i pinis pastaim long VBUS voltej i go daun aninit long 5V, na i holim pawa i go long ol divais we i stap daunbilo.

USB PD i gat planti samting bilong lukautim, tasol 'ecosystem' i no gutpela olgeta.

Olgeta PD transeksen i gat 'overcurrent' proteksen. Dispela 'charger' i save sekim hamas pawa i ron na em bai pasim sapos em i winim mak we ol i bin toktok long en long moa long 10%. Proteksen bilong 'overvoltage' i wok wankain-sapos VBUS i go antap moa long 10% antap long 'voltage' we ol i wanbel long en, tupela divais i mas katim koneksen.

Tempereja sensing i save kamap long tupela sait. Ol saja i gat ol 'thermistor' we bai daunim pawa o pasim olgeta antap long 85 digri. Ol masin i save sekim tu tempereja bilong bateri na 'charging circuit', na ol i save askim long daunim pawa taim ol samting i hat tumas.

Hevi? I no olgeta USB-C prodak i bihainim ol spesifikesen. Ol indipenden tes bilong ol ogenaisesen olsem tim bilong Benson Leung i painim ol kebol we i no inap long mekim wok bilong ol, ol i no gat ol 'pull-up resistors' we i mas soim ol 'current limits', na ol 'charger' we i save givim ol 'unstable voltages' long taim bilong toktok. Ol dispela 'out-of-spec prodak inap long bagarapim ol divais o, long liklik mak, inap long mekim 'charging' i go isi o i no wok gut.

Kwaliti bilong ol kebol em i bikpela samting moa long wanem planti manmeri i save. Wanpela stadi we Granite River Labs i bin pablisim long 2024 i bin testim 200 random USB-C kebol long ol maket ples long intanet na painim olsem 38% bilong ol i no bin bihainim ol besik lektrik spesifikesen. Long ol lain we i sapotim 100W, 12% i no inap long holim stebol voltej aninit long ful lod, na dispela i mekim voltej i pundaun na i kirapim ol sefti satdaun long ol divais we i pas wantaim.

Namba bilong 'wattage' long wanpela 'charger' i tokim yu long mak bilong en, na i no wanem samting divais bilong yu bai kisim. Wanpela 65W saja we i gat "PD 3.0" i ken givim 45W tasol long laptop bilong yu sapos ol 'voltage profiles' i no stret wantaim wanem samting 'battery management system' bilong yu i laikim.

Sekim ol dispela samting:

Lis bilong voltej: Ol gutpela saja i save listim ol PDO bilong ol klia. Painim "5V/3A, 9V/3A, 15V/3A, 20V/3.25A" o wankain.

PPS sapot: Sapos yu gat wanpela Android fon, "PPS 5-21V @ 5A" i min olsem yu inap long sasim hariap tru.

AVS bilong ol hai-pawa divais: Ol divais we i nidim moa long 27W long pinis bilong 2024 i mas sapotim AVS, olsem na painim "AVS 9-20V" insait long ol 'charger specs'.

Setifikesen: USB-IF setifikesen (TID namba) i konfemim olsem 'charger' i bin winim 'compliance testing'.

Long ol kebol, ol mak i bikpela samting. Wanpela kebol we i gat mak bilong "USB 2.0" i save lukautim ol data spit inap long 480 Mbps tasol em inap long sapotim 240W pawa diliveri-data na pawa reiting i stap narapela narapela. Lukluk long:

5Ao100W+mak bilong ol hai-pawa aplikesen

E-mak sipi nidim long olgeta samting we i winim 60W

USB-IF setifikesen(maski dispela i no save kamap planti taim long ol kebol)

Ol 'multi-port charger i save kamapim hevi. Wanpela 100W dual-pot saja i ken givim 100W long wanpela port, o 65W + 30W taim tupela i wok. Ol gutpela wanpela i save yusim 'dynamic power allocation', sekim ol konekted divais long olgeta sampela seken na tilim gen pawa sapos i gat nid. Ol baset model i yusim ol fiks alokesen skim we i westim kapasiti-wanpela 30W fon long 100W saja we i konfigurim long 65W + 35W split bai kisim 35W tasol.

Nogat. Pawa negosiesen i mekim ol divais i kisim tasol wanem samting ol i askim long en. Wanpela 100W saja we i konektim long wanpela fon we i sapotim 18W tasol bai givim stret 18W bihain long toktok. Ekstra kapasiti i stap nating.

I no olgeta USB-C kebol i save sapotim pawa deliveri gut. Ol kebol i mas gat mak bilong pawa bilong yu-60W na aninit long wok wantaim ol standet kebol, tasol 100W na antap i mas gat 5A-reit kebol wantaim wanpela e-marker sip. Sapos yu yusim wanpela kebol we i no gat gutpela pe bilong en, dispela bai daunim spit bilong sasim o inap long hat tumas.

Tripela as: kebol i no gat mak bilong bikpela karent, bateri bilong divais bilong yu i hat na i gat liklik spit bilong sasim bilong sefti, o saja i no sapotim spesifik voltej we divais bilong yu i askim long en. Sampela divais i save pasim spit bilong sasim taim skrin i on o taim yu yusim divais.

USB-C i makim 'physical connector' we i gat seip-em liklik, 'reversible plug'. USB PD em i wanpela 'communication protocol' we i save mekim 'fast charge' na 'high power delivery' i kamap long dispela konekta. Yu ken gat USB-C we i no gat PD, tasol USB PD i nidim USB-C.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD i tok promis long rausim ol 'drower' bilong ol 'proprietary charger', na ol i givim hap bilong en. Nau yu ken sasim ol fon, tablet, laptop, na planti ol samting long wankain saja-sapos yu klia long ol pawa rikwaemen na protokol sapot.

Tasol senis bilong dispela spesifikasen i bin brukim 'compatibility'. PPS vs AVS, SPR vs EPR, AVS rikwaemen bihain long 27W, ol opsenel samting we ol manifakta i save putim i no wankain-dispela i save kamapim paul tingting. Wanpela divais bilong 2020 i no inap long sasim hariap wantaim wanpela 2025 saja maski tupela i gat "USB PD 3.0" sapot.

Toksave bilong Yuropian Yunion we i tok ol i mas putim USB-C long planti divais long 2024 i mekim ol i kisim hariap tasol tu i soim ol dispela hevi bilong wok wantaim. Ol grup bilong indastri nau i wok long strongim ol klia standet bilong putim nem, tasol long stat bilong 2025, yu mas sekim yet ol spesifik protokol sapot na noken trastim ol jenerel "fast charging" kleim.

Long ol divais we i gat ol 'lithium ion' bateri, USB PD i soim olsem i gat bikpela wok moa long 'fixed-voltage charging. Dispela protokol inap long makim 'source voltage' klostu long 'battery requirements' na dispela i save daunim 'waste heat' na i save mekim 'charge' i kamap hariap na i no hat tumas. Taim PPS adopsen i wok long groa-moa yet long ol Android divais we bipo i save yusim ol 'proprietary standards'-mipela i wok long go klostu long trupela yunivesel 'fast charging'.

Kebol i stap yet olsem wik link. Inap long taim ol 'e-marker chips i kamap olsem ol i mas yusim long olgeta USB-C kebol na gutpela 'authentication' i stopim ol prodak we i no bihainim lo long go insait long maket, ol yusa i mas lukluk gut long ol spesifikasen. Promis bilong "wanpela kebol bilong olgeta samting" em i tru, tasol sapos dispela kebol i inapim ol standet bilong USB-IF. Sekim ol reiting, painim setifikesen, na sapos inap, yusim ol kebol bilong wankain kampani olsem ol hai-pawa divais bilong yu.